Visit the Sacré-Coeur in Montmartre, one of Paris’s most emblematic monuments
Perched atop the hill of Montmartre, the Basilique du Sacré-Cœur is one of the most emblematic monuments in Paris. With its dazzling white silhouette dominating the capital, it attracts more than 10 million visitors from all over the world every year. Built between 1875 and 1914, this Romanesque-Byzantine basilica not only offers a unique spiritual and architectural journey, but also one of the most beautiful panoramic views of Paris. Whether you’re a lover of history, architecture or simply looking for an authentic experience in the heart of the bohemian district of Montmartre, a visit to the Sacré-Cœur in Paris is an essential part of your stay in the City of Light.
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1. The fascinating history of Sacré-Cœur
The history of the Basilica of the Sacred Heart is closely linked to the tragic events that marked France in the 19th century. After the humiliating defeat of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 and the dark hours of the Paris Commune, two Catholic businessmen, Alexandre Legentil and Hubert Rohault de Fleury, vowed to build an expiatory monument dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus. The project was intended to symbolise national redemption and mark a new beginning for a battered France.
A law passed in 1873 declared the construction to be in the public interest, and a competition for architects was launched the following year. Paul Abadie, the famous French architect who had just restored the cathedral of Saint-Front in Périgueux, won the competition with a bold project inspired by Romanesque-Byzantine architecture. The foundation stone was laid on 16 June 1875 by Cardinal Guibert, Archbishop of Paris, marking the start of a titanic project that was to last almost forty years.
The construction of the basilica represented a considerable technical challenge. Located at the top of the Butte Montmartre, 130 metres above sea level, the building had to be built on unstable ground made up of old gypsum quarries. The architects had to dig 83 shafts up to 33 metres deep to establish solid foundations. The work was slowed down by a number of obstacles: the death of Paul Abadie in 1884, financial difficulties necessitating appeals for donations from the faithful, and finally the interruption caused by the First World War.
The basilica was finally completed in 1914, but was not consecrated until 1919, after the end of the world conflict. Since then, it has become one of the most recognisable symbols of Paris and an essential place of pilgrimage for Catholics from all over the world.
2. Romanesque-Byzantine architecture unique to Paris
The architecture of the Sacré-Cœur stands in stark contrast to the Haussmann style that dominates Paris. Paul Abadie drew his inspiration from Romanesque and Byzantine architecture to create a building that is unique of its kind in the French capital. The basilica adopts a Greek cross plan with four secondary domes surrounding the central dome, which rises to a height of 83 metres. This configuration is reminiscent of the Saint-Front basilica in Périgueux and Saint Mark’s cathedral in Venice.
The choice of building material is equally remarkable. The entire basilica is clad in Château-Landon stone, a white limestone quarried in Seine-et-Marne. This stone has an exceptional property: when it comes into contact with rainwater, it secretes calcite, which forms a natural coating. This phenomenon enables the basilica to retain its dazzling whiteness at all times, even after more than a century of existence. This immaculate hue, visible from afar, gives Sacré-Cœur its distinctive character and makes it a veritable spiritual beacon dominating Paris.
The main façade features three porches surmounted by two bronze equestrian statues representing Joan of Arc and Saint Louis, two emblematic figures in French history. The pediment of the central portal is crowned by a monumental statue of Christ with the Sacred Heart, arms open in welcome. Inside, the space is organised around a vast nave that can accommodate up to 3,000 worshippers, whose gaze is immediately drawn to the splendid mosaic in the choir.
3. What to see inside the Basilica of the Sacred Heart
As soon as you enter the Basilica of the Sacred Heart, you will be struck by the majesty of the setting. The atmosphere is both solemn and soothing, inviting you to meditate. Silence is the order of the day inside, as this is first and foremost a place of worship where perpetual adoration of the Blessed Sacrament has taken place without interruption since 1885.
The monumental mosaic in the choir
The jewel in the basilica’s crown is undoubtedly the gigantic mosaic that adorns the apse of the choir. Created between 1912 and 1922 by Luc-Olivier Merson, this colossal 475 m² work is one of the largest mosaics in Europe. It depicts Christ in glory, arms open, showing his Sacred Heart surrounded by golden rays. He is flanked by the Virgin Mary, Saint Michael and other historical and religious figures, including Joan of Arc and Pope Leo XIII. At the base of the mosaic, it reads in Latin: “To the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, Penitent, Fervent and Grateful France”. This inscription recalls the origin of the monument as an act of national atonement.
The stained glass windows and side chapels
The side chapels lining the nave are also well worth a visit. Each is dedicated to a particular saint and decorated with coloured stained glass windows that radiate a soft, mystical light. These windows, although partially destroyed during the Second World War and subsequently replaced, tell the story of the Sacred Heart and devotion to it.
The monumental organ
The great organ of the Sacré-Cœur is considered to be one of the most remarkable instruments in France. Inaugurated in 1898, it has 78 stops and nearly 6,000 pipes. Its exceptional sound resonates majestically under the vaults of the basilica, particularly during the religious services and concerts that are regularly held there.
Download the audio tour to discover Paris on foot and on your own
To make the most of your visit to Sacré-Coeur and Montmartre, there’s nothing like a guided tour at your own pace. Navaway offers a complete audio-guided itinerary that lets you explore Paris in complete freedom. Thanks to this application, you can benefit from detailed explanations of the history, architecture and anecdotes of the Sacré-Cœur, as well as the many other emblematic monuments of the capital. Download the tour to visit Paris and let yourself be guided through the cobbled streets of Montmartre, from the Moulin Rouge to the Place du Tertre, passing by the artists’ studios that have made this bohemian district famous.
4. The crypt: a place of meditation and history
Situated beneath the basilica’s choir, the Sacré-Coeur crypt offers a striking contrast to the luminosity of the main building. This underground space, the same size as the upper basilica, plunges visitors into a more intimate and meditative atmosphere. Access to the crypt is subject to a fee (around €3) and is via a staircase at the side of the basilica.
The crypt is home to several chapels housing various relics and sacred objects. These include the tomb of Cardinal Guibert, the first person to promote the construction of the Sacré-Coeur, as well as those of several other religious figures who have marked the history of the basilica. The subdued lighting and cool air create an atmosphere conducive to meditation and prayer.
The walls of the crypt are adorned with commemorative plaques laid by the faithful from all over the world, testifying to the international renown of this place of pilgrimage. Statues and stained glass windows complete the decoration of this space steeped in history and spirituality.
5. Climb up to the dome to admire the panoramic view of Paris
Climbing the dome of the Sacré-Coeur is an experience not to be missed during your visit. Although the effort is considerable – you have to climb some 300 steps up a narrow spiral staircase with no lift – the reward is well worth it. Admission to the dome costs €8 for adults and €5 for children aged 4 to 16.
As you climb, you’ll get a close-up look at the architecture of the basilica’s roof, its buttresses and decorative elements. Once at the top, 272 metres above sea level, you’ll enjoy one of the finest 360-degree views of Paris. On a clear day, visibility can reach up to 50 kilometres, allowing you to take in not only the most famous Parisian monuments – the Eiffel Tower (rated 4.6/5 on Google for 459,000 reviews), Notre-Dame de Paris, the Arc de Triomphe – but also the suburbs and, at the far end of the horizon, the first hills of the Île-de-France region.
The dome is open every day from 10.15am to 5.30pm (last admission at 5pm), but these times may vary depending on the season and weather conditions. It is advisable to avoid the busiest times (generally between 12pm and 3pm) to enjoy the view more calmly.
6. Opening times, prices and practical information
The Basilica of the Sacred Heart is open every day of the year, without exception, from 6.30am to 10.30pm. Entry to the basilica itself is entirely free, making it a visit accessible to all. However, be prepared for a short queue at peak times, particularly between 10.30am and 5pm, when the flow of visitors can mean a 10-15 minute wait to enter the sanctuary.
Admission to the dome alone costs €8 for adults and €5 for children aged 4 to 16. A visit to the crypt costs €3 (€2 for children). If you wish to visit both, a combined ticket for the dome and crypt is available for 11 euros for adults and 7 euros for children, so you can save a little.
It is important to note that Sacré-Coeur is first and foremost an active place of worship, where several masses and religious services are held every day. Out of respect for the faithful, visitors are asked to remain silent inside the basilica, put their phones on mute and avoid taking photos during services. Proper dress is also required: avoid tank tops, short shorts and other clothing deemed inappropriate in a sacred place.
7. How to get to Sacré-Cœur
Sacré-Cœur is located at 35 rue du Chevalier de la Barre, in the 18th arrondissement of Paris, at the top of the Butte Montmartre. There are several options for getting to this emblematic monument, each with its own advantages depending on your physical condition and preferences.
By metro, the nearest station is Antwerp (line 2), about 10 minutes’ walk away. From here, walk up Rue de Steinkerque, a pedestrianised street lined with souvenir shops, before tackling the 270 steps of the monumental staircase leading up to the forecourt of the basilica. Another option is Abbesses station (line 12), which takes you to the heart of the Montmartre district. From here, it’s about a 15-minute walk through the charming cobbled streets of the district to reach the Sacré-Coeur.
If you prefer to avoid the physical effort of the climb, the Montmartre funicular is the ideal solution. Accessible from Anvers metro station, this little cogwheel train takes you up to the square in front of the basilica in just a few minutes. The funicular runs on a standard metro ticket (valid for both ticket+ and Navigo pass), making it a very economical option. It runs every day from 6am to 12.45am, departing every 2 or 3 minutes at peak times.
Several bus routes also serve Montmartre: routes 30, 54 and 80 have stops close to Sacré-Cœur. The Montmartrobus, a special line with small electric buses, also runs around the district and is a pleasant and environmentally-friendly way to discover Montmartre.
For those who choose to come by car, be aware that parking is difficult in the area. The nearest car park is the Anvers-Montmartre car park on rue Seveste, but spaces are limited and expensive. What’s more, much of the area is pedestrianised, making it difficult to get around by car.
8. Discover the Montmartre district
A visit to Sacré-Coeur would not be complete without exploring the bohemian Montmartre district that surrounds it. This legendary district, perched on its hill, has retained a village atmosphere in the heart of Paris. Its cobbled streets, picturesque staircases and shady squares have inspired countless artists, from Picasso to Van Gogh, Toulouse-Lautrec to Dalí.
Just a stone’s throw from the Sacré-Cœur is the famous Place du Tertre, the historic heart of the old village of Montmartre. This small square square, lined with cafés and restaurants with lively terraces, is today the kingdom of the portrait artists and caricaturists who perpetuate the artistic tradition of the district. Although very popular with tourists, it retains an undeniable charm, especially early in the morning or at the end of the day when the crowds thin out.
Be sure to visit the church of Saint-Pierre de Montmartre (rated 4.6/5 on Google out of 880 reviews), located just a few metres from the Sacré-Cœur. This church, one of the oldest in Paris, dates back to the 12th century and offers a striking contrast with the recent architecture of the basilica. Its small cemetery, often overlooked by visitors, is a haven of peace where many of Montmartre’s most famous figures are laid to rest.
Then head down to the Moulin Rouge (rated 4.4/5 on Google for 76,000 reviews) via rue Lepic, famous for being the home of the Deux Moulins café in the film “Le Fabuleux Destin d’Amélie Poulain”. This shopping street, which winds its way along the hilltop, will introduce you to the authentic Montmartre, far from the beaten track.
For art lovers, the Musée de Montmartre, housed in the former home of painter Suzanne Valadon, traces the history of the district and its artists. Its Renoir garden, where the painter set up his easel to immortalise the “Bal du Moulin de la Galette”, offers a bucolic interlude with a view of the Montmartre vineyards.
Take the stairs down rue Foyatier or the funicular and wander through the narrow streets nearby. Rue de l’Abreuvoir, often considered one of the most beautiful streets in Paris, Rue Cortot lined with artists’ studios, and the mysterious Passage Cottin are all well worth a visit. Don’t hesitate to get lost in this maze of alleyways: it’s often where the best discoveries are made. To make the most of your exploration, the Navaway itinerary for visiting Paris will guide you through the hidden treasures of Montmartre, with captivating audio guides to enhance your experience.
9. Anecdotes and secrets of the Sacré-Cœur
The Sacré-Coeur has many little-known stories that add to its fascination. Did you know, for example, that it took no less than 40 years to build the basilica, involving six successive architects after the death of Paul Abadie in 1884? Each left his mark on the building, creating a unique collective work.
The basilica’s famous bell, nicknamed “La Savoyarde”, is one of the largest bells in France. Cast in Annecy in 1895, it weighs 19 tonnes and measures over 3 metres in diameter. Transporting it to Paris, then installing it in the bell tower, was a real technical feat for the time. Its casement alone weighs 850 kilograms. When it rings, its deep tinkling can be heard for miles around.
The perpetual adoration that has taken place at the Sacré-Cœur since 1885 is a remarkable record. Day and night, without interruption for almost 140 years, the faithful have taken turns to pray before the Blessed Sacrament on display. This tradition continued even during the two world wars, making the Sacred Heart a symbol of spiritual continuity.
The site of the basilica was also steeped in history long before it was built. In the 3rd century, Saint Denis, the first bishop of Paris, is said to have been beheaded on the Butte Montmartre (the “Mount of Martyrs”). According to legend, after his execution, he picked up his head and walked to the site of the present-day Saint-Denis basilica, several kilometres north of Paris. This story has contributed to the sacred nature of the site since Antiquity.
Finally, an architectural anecdote: the Château-Landon stone used for the construction has the particularity of whitening on contact with rainwater thanks to a natural chemical process. The more it rains in Paris, the whiter the Sacré-Cœur becomes. Even after more than a century of exposure to the weather and pollution of Paris, the basilica retains its dazzling whiteness.
10. Practical tips for your visit
To make the most of your visit to the Sacré-Cœur, it’s best to get there in the early hours of the morning (from 6.30am) or at the end of the day to avoid the crowds. Weekends and Sunday afternoons are the busiest. Attending a mass can enrich the spiritual experience.
Bring comfortable shoes, because even with the funicular, there are still stairs to climb to reach the dome and walk around Montmartre. Access to the dome is not possible for people with reduced mobility, but the basilica itself is accessible via the funicular.
Watch out for pickpockets and scams around Sacré-Coeur and in Montmartre. Beware of vendors selling “lucky” bracelets or soliciting petitions. On the Place du Tertre, some caricaturists charge excessive prices.
For photographers, the forecourt provides an ideal vantage point for the façade, with Paris in the background. The staircases and alleyways around the church make for great framing shots. Photography is prohibited inside the church out of respect for the site.
Combine your visit with other nearby attractions such as the Musée Grévin and the Grands Boulevards district. Navaway ‘s themed itineraries offer a complete exploration of Paris.
A visit to Sacré-Coeur is an immersion in history, art and spirituality. From its immaculate façade to the mosaics in the choir, the panoramic view from the dome and the charm of Montmartre, every aspect deserves attention. To make sure you don’t miss a thing, download the Navaway tour.
FAQ: your questions about visiting Sacré-Cœur
Is admission to Sacré-Cœur free?
Yes, admission to the basilica is free. There is only a charge for visits to the dome (€8) and the crypt (€3).
How long does it take to visit Sacré-Coeur?
1h30 to 2h for the basilica and the dome. Half a day if you are also exploring Montmartre.
Can I attend a mass at Sacré-Cœur?
Yes, several masses are celebrated every day. Access is free of charge.
Is Sacré-Cœur accessible to people with reduced mobility?
The basilica is accessible by wheelchair funicular. Access to the dome is not possible.
When is the best time to photograph the Sacré-Coeur?
Morning light (8am-10am) and late afternoon light (5pm to sunset) are ideal. Avoid indoors, where photography is prohibited.
Are there any restaurants near Sacré-Cœur?
Yes, Montmartre offers cafés and brasseries. Place du Tertre is touristy and expensive; Rue Lepic or Rue des Abbesses offer more authentic and affordable options.
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