The Plains of Abraham and the Citadel of Quebec

In front of you is the entrance to Battlefields Park, better known as the Plains of Abraham. To your right is the Citadel of Quebec, and to your left, the Plains of Abraham Museum. These two historic landmarks are among Quebec’s top attractions. The Citadel, perched on the Cap Diamant hill, is the largest British fortress in North America and home to the oldest surviving French military building in Canada. British army officer Elias Walker commissioned its construction after the 1812 Anglo-American War. Although Britain had emerged victorious, Walker wanted to strengthen their defences. He chose a “Vauban-style” fortress—named after Louis XIV’s renowned chief military engineer—featuring a classic star-shaped design. The fortifications on this hill date back to the French, who reinforced the site between 1690 and 1745. Today, Quebec’s Citadel is often called the “Gibraltar of America” because of its strategic position and impenetrable design. Since 1920, it’s been the headquarters of the Royal 22nd Regiment, the only French-speaking infantry regiment in the Canadian army. King Charles III is its ceremonial Colonel-in-Chief. The Citadel and its museum are open to visitors, offering a deep insight into Quebec’s military history. The Plains of Abraham are also steeped in history. In 1759, French and British forces clashed here in a battle that ended with the surrender of Quebec to the British. This defeat marked a major turning point in Canadian history. France had to give up a large portion of its North American territories and never regained its colony. With its new hold on Quebec, the British crown solidified its dominance in North America. The impact of this battle went well beyond Canada, setting the stage for the American Revolution and the creation of the United States. Colonists in places like New York, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts saw that a European power could be driven out—and began pushing for greater autonomy, eventually breaking away from the British Empire. It’s a reminder that even a single battle can reshape history. The Plains of Abraham Museum brings the story to life with exhibits and immersive displays, while the surrounding park is one of the world’s most beautiful urban green spaces. As you stroll its peaceful pathways, it’s hard to imagine the violence that took place here. It’s well worth exploring if you have some spare time.